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Pejuang Partisan Yugoslavia,[note 1][11] atau Tentera Pembebasan Nasional,[note 2] secara rasminya Tentera Pembebasan Nasional dan Detasmen Partisan Yugoslavia,[note 3][12] adalah pemberontak anti-fasis pimpinan komunis yang menentang Kuasa Paksi (terutamanya Jerman) di taklukan Yugoslavia semasa Perang Dunia II. Dipimpin oleh Josip Broz Tito,[13] pejuang Partisan dianggap sebagai gerakan penentang anti Paksi yang paling efektif di Eropah semasa Perang Dunia II.[14][15][16]
Pada asalnya ia merupakan pasukan gerila, puak Partisan berkembang menjadi sebuah pasukan pejuang besar yang terlibat dalam peperangan konvensional kemudiannya, berjumlah kira-kira 650,000 orang pada akhir tahun 1944 dan disusun dalam 4 tentera darat medan dan 52 divisyen. Objektif utama puak Partisan ialah pembebasan tanah Yugoslavia dari tentera penjajah dan pembentukan negara komunis berbilang etnik di Yugoslavia.
Pejuang Partisan disusun atas inisiatif Tito selepas pencerobohan tentera Paksi ke atas Yugoslavia pada April 1941, dan memulakan kempen aktif gerila terhadap tentera penjajah selepas Jerman menceroboh Soviet Union pada bulan Jun. Satu pemberontakan berskala besar telah dilancarkan pada Julai, kemudian disertai oleh pejuang Chetnik Draža Mihailović, yang membawa kepada pembentukan singkat Republik Užice. Pihak Paksi melancarkan beberapa siri penyerangan sebagai tindak balas tetapi gagal memusnahkan sepenuhnya kepimpinan mereka dan pejuang Partisan yang mudah alih. Pada akhir tahun 1943 pihak Sekutu telah menukar sokongan mereka dari Mihailović ke Tito ketika kerjasama Chetnik bertambah jelas, dan pihak Partisan mendapat pengiktirafan rasmi di Persidangan Tehran. Pada musim gugur 1944, pihak Partisan dan Tentera Merah Soviet membebaskan Belgrade setelah Penyerangan Belgrade. Pada pengakhiran perang, pejuang Partisan telah menguasai seluruh negara serta Trieste dan Carinthia. Selepas perang, pejuang Partisan telah disusun semula sebagai angkatan tentera tetap bagi Republik Persekutuan Sosialis Yugoslavia yang baru ditubuhkan.
Lihat juga
Nota kaki
- ^ Serbo-Croatian, Macedonian, Slovene: Partizani, Партизани
- ^ Bahasa Serbia-Croatia: [Narodnooslobodilačka vojska] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) (NOV), Народноослободилачка војска (НОВ); Macedonia: Народноослободителна војска (НОВ); Slovenia: Narodnoosvobodilna vojska (NOV)
- ^ Bahasa Serbia-Croatia: [Narodnooslobodilačka vojska i partizanski odredi Jugoslavije] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) (NOV i POJ), Народноослободилачка војска и партизански одреди Југославије (НОВ и ПОЈ); Macedonia: Народноослободителна војска и партизански одреди на Југославија (НОВ и ПОЈ); Slovenia: Narodnoosvobodilna vojska in partizanski odredi Jugoslavije (NOV in POJ)
Nota
- ^ Fisher, Sharon (2006). Political change in post-Communist Slovakia and Croatia: from nationalist to Europeanist. Palgrave Macmillan. m/s. 27. ISBN 978-1-4039-7286-6.
- ^ Jones, Howard (1997). A new kind of war: America's global strategy and the Truman Doctrine in Greece. Oxford University Press. m/s. 67. ISBN 978-0-19-511385-3.
- ^ Hupchick, Dennis P. (2004). The Balkans: from Constantinople to communism. Palgrave Macmillan. m/s. 374. ISBN 978-1-4039-6417-5.
- ^ Rosser, John Barkley; Marina V. Rosser (2004). Comparative economics in a transforming world economy. MIT Press. m/s. 397. ISBN 978-0-262-18234-8.
- ^ Chant, Christopher (1986). The encyclopedia of codenames of World War II. Routledge. m/s. 109. ISBN 978-0-7102-0718-0.
- ^ "Partisans: War in the Balkans 1941–1945". BBC. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 28 November 2011. Dicapai pada 19 November 2011.
- ^ PROGLAS POKRAJINSKOG KOMITETA KPJ ZA SRBIJU
- ^ PROGLAS POKRAJINSKOG KOMITETA KPJ ZA VOJVODINU
- ^ PROGLAS OKRUŽNOG KOMITETA KPJ ZA KRAGUJEVAC
- ^ Third Axis Fourth Ally: Romanian Armed Forces in the European War, 1941–1945, by Mark Axworthy, Cornel Scafeş and Cristian Crăciunoiu, page 159
- ^ Curtis, Glenn E. (1992). Yugoslavia: A Country Study. Library of Congress. m/s. 39. ISBN 978-0-8444-0735-7.
- ^ Trifunovska, Snežana (1994). Yugoslavia Through Documents:From Its Creation to Its Dissolution. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. m/s. 209. ISBN 978-0-7923-2670-0.
- ^ Rusinow, Dennison I. (1978). The Yugoslav experiment 1948–1974. University of California Press. m/s. 2. ISBN 978-0-520-03730-4.
- ^ Ralat petik: Tag
<ref>tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernamaJJR2013_OxfordPress - ^ Ralat petik: Tag
<ref>tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernamaAS_2005 - ^ "Partisan | Yugoslavian military force". Encyclopedia Britannica (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 2021-03-26.
Rujukan
- Anić, Nikola; Joksimović, Sekula; Gutić, Mirko (1982). "Narodnooslobodilačka Vojska Jugoslavije. Pregled razvoja oružanih snaga Narodnooslobodilačkog Pokreta 1941-1945" [People's Liberation Army of Yugoslavia. Review of the development of the armed forces of the People's Liberation Movement 1941-1945] (PDF). znaci.net (dalam bahasa Serbo-Croatian). Vojnoistorijski Institut.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- Banac, Ivo (1996). "Bosnian Muslims: From Religious Community to Socialist Nationhood and Post-Communist Statehood 1918–1992". Dalam Pinson, Mark (penyunting). The Muslims of Bosnia-Herzegovina: Their Historic Development from the Middle Ages to the Dissolution of Yugoslavia. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-932885-12-8.
- Calic, Marie-Janine (2019). The Great Cauldron: A History of Southeastern Europe. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-67498-392-2.
- Cohen, Philip J.; Riesman, David (1996). Serbia's Secret War: Propaganda and the Deceit of History. Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 978-0-89096-760-7.
- Dedijer, Vladimir (1980). Novi prilozi za biografiju Josipa Broza Tita (dalam bahasa Croatia). Zagreb: Mladost. OCLC 8046985.
- Gow, James; Carmichael, Cathie (2010) [2000]. Slovenia and the Slovenes : a small state and the new Europe. London: Hurst & Company. ISBN 978-1-85065-944-0. OCLC 696720605.
- Haskin, Jeanne M. (2006). Bosnia And Beyond: The "Quiet" Revolution That Wouldn't Go Quietly. Algora Publishing. ISBN 978-0-87586-429-7.
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- Hoare, Marko Attila (2002). "Whose is the partisan movement? Serbs, Croats and the legacy of a shared resistance". The Journal of Slavic Military Studies. Informa UK Limited. 15 (4): 24–41. doi:10.1080/13518040208430537. ISSN 1351-8046. S2CID 145127681.
- Hoare, Marko Attila (2006). Genocide and Resistance in Hitler's Bosnia: The Partisans and the Chetniks. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-726380-8.
- Hoare, Marko Attila (2011). "The Partisans and the Serbs". Dalam Ramet, Sabrina P.; Listhaug, Ola (penyunting). Serbia and the Serbs in World War Two. London, England: Palgrave Macmillan. m/s. 201–224. ISBN 978-0-23034-781-6.
- Jancar-Webster, Barbara (1990). Women & Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941-1945. Denver: Arden Press. ISBN 978-0-912869-09-4. OCLC 19553066.
- Jonassohn, Kurt; Björnson, Karin Solveig (1998). Genocide and Gross Human Rights Violations: In Comparative Perspective. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4128-2445-3. OCLC 47008422.
- Judah, Tim (2000). The Serbs: History, Myth and the Destruction of Yugoslavia. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-08507-5.
- Klemenčič, Matjaž; Zagar, Mitja (2004). "Histories of the Individual Yugoslav Nations". The former Yugoslavia's diverse peoples : a reference sourcebook. Santa Barbara, CA, US: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781849723152. OCLC 436851074.
- Kovač, Tatjana; Vojnović, Mijo (1976). U Spomen Revoluciji [In Commemoration of the Revolution] (dalam bahasa Croatia). Split: Institut za Historiju Radnickog Pokreta Dalmacije. OCLC 442814475.
- Kroener, Bernard R.; Müller, Rolf-Dieter; Umbreit, Hans, penyunting (2000). Germany and the Second World War, Volume 5: Organization and Mobilization of the German Sphere of Power. Part I. Wartime Administration, Economy, and Manpower Resources 1939-1941. 5. New York, New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-822887-5.
- Kvesić, Sibe (1960). Dalmacija u Narodnooslobodilackoj Borbi [Dalmatia in the National Liberation Struggle] (dalam bahasa Croatia). OCLC 440318980.
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- Velikonja, Mitja (2003). Religious separation and political intolerance in Bosnia-Herzegovina. College Station: Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 978-1-58544-226-3.
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Bacaan lanjut
- Bokovoy, Melissa (1998). Peasants and Communists: Politics and Ideology in the Yugoslav Countryside. University of Pittsburgh Press. ISBN 978-0-8229-4061-6.
- Brown, Alec, penyunting (November 1946). "Diaries from Yugoslav Liberation". The Slavonic and East European Review. 25 (64): 181–205. JSTOR 4203806.
- Irvine, Jill (1992). The Croat Question: Partisan Politics in the Formation of the Yugoslav Socialist State. Westview Press. ISBN 978-0-8133-8542-6.
- Jakiša, Miranda (2015). Partisans in Yugoslavia. Literature, Film and Visual Culture. transcript Verlag. ISBN 978-3-8376-2522-6.
Pautan luar
- THE GERMAN CAMPAIGNS IN THE BALKANS (SPRING 1941) reprinted by the United States Army Center of Military History
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