James VI dan I - Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu, ensiklopedia bebas

James VI and I
James VI and I
	James VI dari Scotland pada tahun 1587–1613, oleh Paulus van Somer (1576–1621)
Raja Scotland (more...)
Pemerintahan	24 Julai, 1567 – 27 Mac, 1625 (57 tahun, 246 hari)
Kemahkotaan	29 Julai, 1567
Didahului oleh	Mary I
Diikuti oleh	Charles I
Pemangku raja	James Stewart, Earl Moray; Matthew Stewart, Earl Lennox; John Erskine, Earl Mar; James Douglas, Earl Morton
Raja England dan Ireland (more...)
Pemerintahan	24 Mac, 1603 – 27 Mac, 1625 (22 tahun, 3 hari)
Kemahkotaan	25 Julai, 1603
Didahului oleh	Elizabeth I
Diikuti oleh	Charles I
Raja permaisuri	Anne dari Denmark
Anakanda; antara lain...	Henry Frederick, Putera Wales; Elizabeth, Ratu Bohemia; Charles I dari England; Robert Stuart, Duke Kintyre
Kerabat	Kerabat Stuart
Ayahanda	Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley
Bonda	Mary I dari Scotland

James VI & I (19 Jun, 1566 – 27 Mac, 1625) adalah Raja Scotland sebagai James VI bermula pada tahun 1567 hingga 1625, dan Raja England dan Ireland sebagai James I bermula pada 1603 hingga 1625.

Beliau menjadi Raja Scotland sebagai James VI pada 24 Julai, 1567, semasa beliau berumur 13 bulan, mengantikan ibu beliau Mary, Ratu Scotland. Pemangku raja memerintah semasa beliau kecil, yang mana tamat secara rasminya pada tahun 1578, meskipun beliau tidak mendapat kuasa sepenuhnya ke atas kerajaan beliau sehingga tahun 1581.^[1] Pada 24 Mac, 1603, sebagai James I, beliau mengantikan raja England dan Ireland terakhir dari Dinasti Tudor, Elizabeth I, yang mangkat tanpa waris.^[2] Beliau kemudian memerintah Kerajaan England, Scotland, dan Ireland selama 22 tahun, sering menggunakan gelaran Raja Great Britain, sehingga kematian beliau pada umur 58 tahun.^[3]

Di bawah pemerintahan James, "Zaman Keemasan" sastera dan drama dari era Elizabeth diteruskan, dengan para penulis seperti William Shakespeare, John Donne, Ben Jonson, dan Sir Francis Bacon memberi sumbangan budaya kesasteraan yang maju.^[4] James juga merupakan seorang sarjanawan yang berbakat, dan merupakan penulis bagi kerja-kerja seperti Daemonologie (1597),^[5] True Law of Free Monarchies (1598),^[6] and Basilikon Doron (1599).^[7] Sir Anthony Weldon mendakwa bahawa James disebut sebagai "si si bodoh dalam Dunia Kristian", satu gelaran berkaitan dengan perwatakan beliau sejak itu.^[8]

Lihat juga[sunting | sunting sumber]

Gambaran kebudayaan James I dari England

Nota[sunting | sunting sumber]

^ Stewart, p 47; Croft, p 16; Willson, pp 29–31.
^ By the normal rules of succession James did have the best claim to the English throne, as the great-great-grandson of Henry VII. However, Henry VIII's will had passed over the Scottish line of his sister Margaret in favour of that of their younger sister Mary Tudor. In the event, Henry's will was disregarded. Stewart, pp 159–161; Willson, pp 138–141.
^ After the Union of the Crowns James was the first to style himself "King of Great Britain", but the title was rejected by both the English Parliament and the Parliament of Scotland, and its legal basis was open to question. Croft, p 67; Willson, pp 249–52. See also: the early history of the Union Flag.
^ Milling, p 155.
^ James I, king of England (1597). "[[Daemonologie]], in forme of a dialogue". at Folger Shakespeare Library web site. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2007-09-26. Dicapai pada 2007-05-12. URL–wikilink conflict (bantuan)
^ "text". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2008-09-17. Dicapai pada 2010-01-31.
^ "James VI and I was the most writerly of British monarchs. He produced original poetry, as well as translation and a treatise on poetics; works on witchcraft and tobacco; meditations and commentaries on the Scriptures; a manual on kingship; works of political theory; and, of course, speeches to parliament...He was the patron of Shakespeare, Jonson, Donne, and the translators of the "Authorized version" of the Bible, surely the greatest concentration of literary talent ever to enjoy royal sponsorship in England." Rhodes et al., p 1.
^ "A very wise man was wont to say that he believed him the wisest fool in Christendom, meaning him wise in small things, but a fool in weighty affairs." Sir Anthony Weldon (1651), The Court and Character of King James I, quoted by Stroud, p 27; "The label 'the wisest fool in Christendom', often attributed to Henry IV of France but possibly coined by Anthony Weldon, catches James’s paradoxical qualities very neatly." Smith, p 238.

Rujukan bukan petikan[sunting | sunting sumber]

Atherton, Ian; and David Como (2005). The Burning of Edward Wightman: Puritanism, Prelacy and the Politics of Heresy in Early Modern England. English Historical Review, Volume 120, December 2005, Number 489, 1215–1250. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Barroll, J. Leeds (2001). Anna of Denmark, Queen of England: A Cultural Biography. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania. ISBN 0-8122-3574-6.
Barroll, J. Leeds and Susan P. Cerasano (1996). Medieval and Renaissance Drama in England: An Annual Gathering of Research, Criticism and Reviews. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. ISBN 0-8386-3641-1.
Bucholz, Robert and Newton Key (2004). Early Modern England, 1485–1714: A Narrative History. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-21393-7.
Croft, Pauline (2003). King James. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0-333-61395-3.
Davies, Godfrey ([1937] 1959). The Early Stuarts. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-821704-8.
Guy, John (2004). My Heart is My Own: The Life of Mary Queen of Scots. London and New York: Fourth Estate. ISBN 1-84115-752-X.
Krugler, John D. (2004). English and Catholic: the Lords Baltimore in the Seventeenth Century. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-7963-9.
Lindley, David (1993). The Trials of Frances Howard: Fact and Fiction at the Court of King James. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-05206-8.
Milling, Jane (2004). "The Development of a Professional Theatre", in The Cambridge History of British Theatre. Jane Milling, Peter Thomson, Joseph W. Donohue. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-65040-2.
Noble, Mark (1795). An Historical Genealogy of the Royal House of Stuarts, from the Reign of King Robert II to that of King James VI. London: R. Faulder. Read complete digitized copy at Google Books. Retrieved 19 April 2007.
Perry, Curtis (2006). Literature and Favoritism in Early Modern England. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-85405-9.
Rhodes, Neil; Jennifer Richards; and Joseph Marshall (2003). King James VI and I: Selected Writings. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 0-7546-0482-9.
Sharpe, Kevin M. (2000). Remapping Early Modern England: The Culture of Seventeenth-century England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-66409-8.
Smith, David L (2003). "Politics in Early Stuart Britain," in A Companion to Stuart Britain. Ed. Barry Coward. Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 0-631-21874-2.
Solt, Leo Frank (1990). Church and State in Early Modern England: 1509–1640. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-505979-4.
Stewart, Alan (2003). The Cradle King: A Life of James VI & I. London: Chatto and Windus. ISBN 0-7011-6984-2.
Stroud, Angus (1999). Stuart England. Routledge ISBN 0-415-20652-9.
Watts, Michael R (1985). The Dissenters: From the Reformation to the French Revolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-822956-9.
Williams, Ethel Carleton (1970). Anne of Denmark. London: Longman. ISBN 0-582-12783-1.
Willson, David Harris ([1956] 1963 ed). King James VI & I. London: Jonathan Cape Ltd. ISBN 0-224-60572-0.

Bacaan lanjut[sunting | sunting sumber]

The Diary Of Samuel Ward: A Translator Of The 1611 King James Bible, edited by John Wilson Cowart and M.M. Knappen.
Akrigg, G. P. V (1978). Jacobean Pageant: The Court of King James I. New York: Atheneum. ISBN 0-689-70003-2.
Chambers, Robert (1856). "James VI". Biographical Dictionary of Eminent Scotsmen. London: Blackie and Son. Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (bantuan)
Fraser, Antonia (1974). King James VI of Scotland, I of England. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-76775-5.
Houston, S J. James I. Longman Publishing Group (June 1974), Seminar Studies ISBN 0-582-35208-8.
Lee, Maurice (1990). Great Britain's Solomon: James VI and I in his Three Kingdoms. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-01686-6.
Lockyer, Roger (1998). James VI and I. Longman. 2nd edition.
Lockyer, Roger (1999). The Early Stuarts: The Political History of England 1603-1642. Longman.
Lynch, Michael (historian) (1991). Scotland: A New History. Ebury Press. ISBN 0-7126-3413-4.
"Preaching to the Converted? Perspectives on the Scottish Reformation," in The Renaissance in Scotland: Studies in Literature, Religion, History and Culture. - AA MacDonald, M. Lynch and IB Cowan (Leiden, 1994)
Peck, Linda Levy (1982). Northampton: Patronage and Policy at the Court of James I. Harper Collins. ISBN 0-04-942177-8.
Williamson, David (1998). The National Portrait Gallery History of the Kings and Queens of England. London: National Portrait Gallery. ISBN 1-85514-228-7.

Pautan luar[sunting | sunting sumber]

Wikisource

Wikisource mempunyai karya asli yang dikarang oleh atau mengenai: James I

Buku berkenaan James I yang boleh didapati di talian[sunting | sunting sumber]

The Historie and Life of King James the Sext. Written towards the Latter Part of the Sixteenth Century by John Colville (1804)
An Historical and Critical Account of the Lives and Writings of James I and Charles I, and the Lives of Oliver Cromwell and Charles II by William Harris (1814): Volume I, Volume II, Volume III, Volume IV, Volume V
Memoirs of the Court of King James the First by Lucy Aikin (1822): Vol. I, Vol. II
Papers Relative to the Marriage of King James the Sixth of Scotland, with the Princess Anna of Denmark; A.D. M.D.LXXXIX., and the Form and Manner of Her Majesty's coronation at Holyroodhouse. A.D. M.D.X.C by James T. Gibson-Craig (1828)
Extracts from the Accounts of the Revels at Court, in the Reigns of Queen Elizabeth and King James I by Peter Cunningham (1842)
Original Letters Relating to the Ecclesiastical Affairs of Scotland: Chiefly Written by, or Addressed to His Majesty King James the Sixth after his Accession to the English throne (1851): Vol. I, Vol. II
Correspondence of King James VI. of Scotland with Sir Robert Cecil and Others in England, During the Reign of Queen Elizabeth (1861)
The Essayes of a Prentise, in the Divine Art of Poesie. Edinburgh. 1585. A Counterblast to Tobacco. London, 1604 by King James I (1869)
The Literary Character: or, The History of Men of Genius, Drawn from their own Feelings and Confessions; Literary Miscellanies; and An Inquiry into the Character of James the First by Isaac D'Israeli (1881)
History of England from the Accesion of James I to the Outbreak of the Civil War, 1603-1642 by Samuel Rawson Gardiner (1883-1891): Volume I (1603-1607), Volume II (1607-1616), Volume III (1616-1621), Volume IV (1621-1623), Volume V (1623-1625), Volume VI (1625-1629), Volume VII (1629-1635), Volume VIII (1635-1639), Volume IX (1639-1641), Volume X (1641-1642)
Historical Sketches of Notable Persons and Events in the Reigns of James I and Charles I by Thomas Carlyle (1898 ed.)
James VI and the Gowrie Mystery by Andrew Lang (1902)
The English Church in the Reigns of Elizabeth and James I. (1558-1625) by Walter Frere (1904)
The History of England from the Accession of James I. to the Restoration (1603-1660) by Francis Charles Montague (1907)
"English Witchcraft and James the First," in Five Pamphlets by George Lyman Kittredge (1911-17)
Court Masques of James I: Their Influence on Shakespeare and Public Theatres by Mary Sullivan (1913)
The Political Works of James I (1918 ed.)

Pautan lain[sunting | sunting sumber]

Proclamation styling James I King of Great Britain on October 20, 1604
James I, illustrated biography by Jenny Wormald, C.E. Hodge Fellow & Tutor in Modern History, St Hilda's College, Oxford
Karya-karya oleh James I of England di Projek Gutenberg
James I, print and digital communication Diarkibkan 2009-08-29 di Wayback Machine

Gelaran pemerintah
James VI dari Scotland & I dari England Kerabat Stuart Tarikh keputeraan: 19 Jun 1566 Tarikh kemangkatan: 27 Mac 1625
Didahului oleh Mary I	Raja Scotland 29 Julai 1567 – 27 Mac 1625	Diikuti oleh: Charles I
Didahului oleh Elizabeth I	Raja England Raja Ireland 24 Mac 1603 – 27 Mac 1625
Kerabat diraja Scotland
Didahului oleh James Hamilton, Earl Arran ke-2	Pewaris takhta Scotland sebagai pewaris 19 Jun 1566 – 29 Julai 1567		Diikuti oleh: James Hamilton, Earl Arran ke-2
Kerabat diraja England
Didahului oleh Tiada pewaris dilantik di bawah Elizabeth I dari England. Pewaris berpotensi adalah Mary I dari Scotland	Pewaris berpotensi kepada takhta England dan Ireland oleh cognatic anak sulung 24 Februari, 1587 – 24 Mac, 1603	Diikuti oleh: Henry Frederick, Putera Wales
Bangsawan Scotland
Kosong Gelaran dipegang dahulu oleh James Stewart	Duke Rothesay 19 Jun, 1566 – 29 Julai, 1567	Kosong Gelaran dipegang kemudian oleh Henry Frederick, Putera Wales
Didahului oleh Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley	Duke Albany 10 Februari, 1567 – 29 Julai, 1567	Mahkota digabungkan

[1] Stewart, p 47; Croft, p 16; Willson, pp 29–31.

[2] By the normal rules of succession James did have the best claim to the English throne, as the great-great-grandson of Henry VII. However, Henry VIII's will had passed over the Scottish line of his sister Margaret in favour of that of their younger sister Mary Tudor. In the event, Henry's will was disregarded. Stewart, pp 159–161; Willson, pp 138–141.

[3] After the Union of the Crowns James was the first to style himself "King of Great Britain", but the title was rejected by both the English Parliament and the Parliament of Scotland, and its legal basis was open to question. Croft, p 67; Willson, pp 249–52. See also: the early history of the Union Flag.

[4] Milling, p 155.

[5] James I, king of England (1597). "[[Daemonologie]], in forme of a dialogue". at Folger Shakespeare Library web site. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2007-09-26. Dicapai pada 2007-05-12. URL–wikilink conflict (bantuan)

[6] "text". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2008-09-17. Dicapai pada 2010-01-31.

[7] "James VI and I was the most writerly of British monarchs. He produced original poetry, as well as translation and a treatise on poetics; works on witchcraft and tobacco; meditations and commentaries on the Scriptures; a manual on kingship; works of political theory; and, of course, speeches to parliament...He was the patron of Shakespeare, Jonson, Donne, and the translators of the "Authorized version" of the Bible, surely the greatest concentration of literary talent ever to enjoy royal sponsorship in England." Rhodes et al., p 1.

[8] "A very wise man was wont to say that he believed him the wisest fool in Christendom, meaning him wise in small things, but a fool in weighty affairs." Sir Anthony Weldon (1651), The Court and Character of King James I, quoted by Stroud, p 27; "The label 'the wisest fool in Christendom', often attributed to Henry IV of France but possibly coined by Anthony Weldon, catches James’s paradoxical qualities very neatly." Smith, p 238.

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l b s Raja-raja England and Britain
Kerajaan Anglo-Saxons/England 886–1066	Alfred yang Agung · Edward yang Tua · Ælfweard · Athelstan yang Gemilang¹ · Edmund yang Perkasa¹ · Eadred¹ · Eadwig yang Adil¹ · Edgar yang Aman¹ · Edward Si Martir · Æthelred yang "tidak Bersedia" · Sweyn Forkbeard · Edmund Ironside · Cnut yang Agung¹ · Harold Harefoot · Harthacnut · Edward si Pengaku · Harold Godwinson · Edgar Si Bangsawan
Kerajaan England 1066–1649	William I · William II · Henry I · Stephen · Matilda (dipertikaikan) · Henry II · Richard I · John² · Henry III² · Edward I² · Edward II² · Edward III² · Richard II² · Henry IV² · Henry V² · Henry VI² · Edward IV² · Edward V² · Richard III² · Henry VII² · Henry VIII² · Edward VI² · Jane (dipertikaikan)² · Mary I² · Philip² · Elizabeth I² · James I³ · Charles I³
Komonwel England, Scotland dan Ireland 1653–1659	Oliver Cromwell⁴ · Richard Cromwell⁴
Kerajaan England 1660–1707	Charles II³ · James II³ · William III³ · Mary II³ · Anne³
Kerajaan Great Britain 1707–1801	Anne · George I · George II · George III
Kerajaan Bersatu Great Britain dan Ireland 1801–1927	George III · George IV · William IV · Victoria⁵ · Edward VII⁵ · George V⁵
Kerajaan Bersatu Great Britain dan Ireland Utara 1927–	George V⁵ · Edward VIII⁵ · George VI⁵ · Elizabeth II⁶
¹Overlord di Britain. ²Juga Lord/Raja/Ratu bagi Ireland. ³Juga Raja/Ratu bagi Scotland & Ireland. ⁴Lord Protector. ⁵Also Maharaja/Maharani di India. ⁶Juga Ratu di Canada, Australia, Afrika Selatan, New Zealand, Pakistan, Ceylon, Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Tanganyika, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, Kenya, Malawi, Malta, Gambia, Guyana, Barbados, Mauritius, Fiji, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, Kepulauan Solomon, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent dan Grenadines, Belize, Antigua dan Barbuda, & Saint Kitts dan Nevis.

l b s Raja-raja Pict dan Scotland
Raja-raja Pict (traditional)	Drest I • Talorc I • Nechtan I • Drest II • Galan • Drest III • Drest IV • Gartnait I • Cailtram • Talorc II • Drest V • Galam Cennalath • Bridei I • Gartnait II • Nechtan II • Cinioch • Gartnait III • Bridei II • Talorc III • Talorgan I • Gartnait IV • Drest VI • Bridei III • Taran • Bridei IV • Nechtan III • Drest VII • Alpín I • Óengus I • Bridei V • Ciniod I • Alpín II • Talorgan II • Drest VIII • Conall • Constantine (I) • Óengus II • Drest IX • Uuen • Uurad • Bridei VI • Ciniod II • Bridei VII • Drest X
Raja-raja Scotland (traditional)	Kenneth I MacAlpin • Donald I • Constantine I (II) • Áed • Giric • Eochaid (diragui) • Donald II • Constantine II (III) • Malcolm I • Indulf • Dub • Cuilén • Amlaíb • Kenneth II • Constantine III (IV) • Kenneth III • Malcolm II • Duncan I • Macbeth • Lulach • Malcolm III Canmore • Donald III • Duncan II • Donald III • Edgar • Alexander I • David I • Malcolm IV • William I • Alexander II • Alexander III • Margaret (dipertikai) • Peralihan Pertama • John • Peralihan Kedua • Robert I • David II • Robert II • Robert III • James I • James II • James III • James IV • James V • Mary I • James VI* • Charles I* • Charles II • Para Penjanji • Para Penaung • Charles II* • James VII* • Mary II* • William II* • Anne*
juga raja dari England dan Ireland.

l b s Scots makar
Sekitar 1370 - sekitar 1460	John Barbour · Huchoun · James I · Sir Gilbert Hay · Andrew of Wyntoun · Richard Holland · other ·
sekitar 1460 - sekitar 1560	Blind Hary · Robert Henryson · Walter Kennedy · William Dunbar · Gavin Douglas · David Lyndsay · other ·
sekitar 1560 - kurun ke-17	Alexander Scott · Alexander Montgomerie · James VI · Castalian Band · William Fowler · Alexander Hume · Robert Sempill · Robert Sempill the younger · Francis Sempill · other ·
Kurun ke-18 - kini	Allan Ramsay · Robert Fergusson · Robert Burns · Robert Louis Stevenson · Alicia Ann Spottiswoode · William Soutar · Robert Garioch · Sydney Goodsir Smith · Tom Scott · George Campbell Hay · Alexander Scott · Hamish Henderson · William Neill · Edwin Morgan · other ·

Persondata
Nama	James VI dari Scotland
Nama alternatif	James I dari England; James I dari Ireland
Pemerihalan ringkas	Raja Scotland, England, dan Ireland
Tarikh kelahiran	19 Jun, 1566
Tempat kelahiran	Istana kota Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
Tarikh kematian	27 Mac, 1625
Tempat kematian	Rumah Theobalds, berdekatan Cheshunt, Hertfordshire